On April 25, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment introduced the Report on the potential for offshore wind and wave energy in the waters of Vi. The report is a source of reference for ministries, sectors and localities to exploit and use in the process of planning, formulating and updating development strategies, planning and plans related to renewable energy. especially wind energy, waves off the sea waters of Vietnam.
In order to implement the results of COP26, the committed goal of Vietnam to achieve a net emission of zero by 2050, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment has directed the General Department of Meteorology and Hydrology to coordinate with other a unit under the Ministry of Construction Report on offshore wind and wave energy potential in the waters of Vietnam.
Vietnam is a country in the strong and stable Asian monsoon region, so the potential for wind energy is considered very abundant. According to the survey results of the World Bank (WB) energy assessment program for Asia, Vietnam has an average wind potential compared to other countries in the world and in the region, but among the largest in the world. Southeast Asia with a total wind power potential estimated at 513,360 MW, 200 times larger than the capacity of the Son La hydropower plant and more than 10 times the total forecasted capacity of Vietnam’s electricity industry in 2020..
Meanwhile, the East Sea is a narrow sea area compared to the ocean, so there is no constant wave field during the year such as the east coast of the Atlantic Ocean or the coast of the Pacific Ocean. However, because it is located in an area with two alternating monsoons, it is endowed with the most abundant source of wave energy compared to other countries in the region. According to the evaluation of wave energy density in the East Sea is lower in spring – summer and higher in autumn – winter.
The report is built on the basis of reference to the current studies on the potential of domestic and foreign wind and waves and makes the most of the sources of wind and wave data and reanalyzed data of the existing models in Vietnam.
The report on offshore wind and wave energy potential in Vietnamese waters has assessed the potential of wind and wave energy and the conditions affecting the wind and wave energy potential in detail for Vietnamese seas. Male. In the coming time, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment will continue to direct the units to update and complete the Report on potential offshore wind and wave energy in Vietnam’s waters. Reference materials for ministries, branches and localities to exploit and use in the process of planning, formulating and updating development strategies, planning and development plans related to renewable energy, especially energy wind, waves off the seas of Vietnam.
The content of the report consists of 4 parts:
Part I: Current situation of offshore wind and wave energy development: In which, stating the current situation and development trend of wind energy and wave energy in the world; Some initial assessments of the potential of wind energy and wave energy in Vietnam;
Part II: Data sources and methods.
Part III: Results of wind energy potential assessment, wave energy:
-+ Results of the assessment of wind energy potential in the Vietnamese waters
-+ Results of wave energy potential assessment in Vietnamese waters
+ Forecast of wind and wave energy potential according to climate change scenarios
Part IV: Factors affecting the exploitation of wind and wave energy and the impact of the exploitation works on the environment and socio-economic activities
+ Impacts of natural disasters at sea on wind and wave energy exploitation
+ The impact of offshore wind and wave energy exploitation projects on the environment and socio-economic activities
Potential for wind energy in Vietnamese waters
From the calculation results of wind energy potential from the reanalyzed data shows the distribution of wind and wind energy potential at the altitude of 100 m in the coastal areas of Vietnam as follows: The best potential wind energy falls are from Binh Dinh to Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan to Ca Mau and a part of the central sea area of the Gulf of Tonkin. In particular, the wind potential is at a good to very good level in the coastal areas of Ninh Thuan to Ba Ria-Vung Tau with the annual average wind speed from 8 to 10 m/s, the annual average energy density is common from 600 to over 700 W/m2. Specifically: The North Sea of Tonkin Gulf: The main wind direction is from East to Northeast. The annual average, the wind speed is 6-8 m/s, the wind energy density is about 200-500 W/m2. The South Sea of Tonkin Gulf: The main wind direction is the East direction. The annual average, the wind speed is 6-8 m/s, the wind energy density is about 200-500 W/m2 .
The waters of Quang Tri to Quang Ngai: The main wind direction is the East direction. The annual average, the wind speed is 6-8 m/s, the common wind energy density is 200-400 W/m2. The waters from Binh Dinh to Ninh Thuan: The main wind direction is from North to Northeast. Average annual, wind speed from 7-9 m/s, common wind energy density from 300-600 W/m2 .
The waters from Binh Thuan to Ca Mau: The prevailing wind direction is from the North-East to the Northeast. On average, the wind speed is 7-10 m/s and the wind energy density is about 300-700 W/m2. The waters of Ca Mau to Kien Giang: The main wind direction is from East to Southeast. The annual average, wind speed from 5-7 m/s, energy density from 100-300 W/m2 .
In the northern seas, the best time to exploit the wind energy potential (average wind speed ≥ 8 m / s) is from October to February in the North Bay of Tonkin; from November to January in the waters of the Southern Gulf of Tonkin, Quang Tri to Quang Ngai.
In the southern seas, wind speed as well as wind energy density have seasonal differentiation. Wind speed / wind energy density in main months of season 34 of winter and summer winds is greater than in transition months; of which the winter value is much higher than that in summer in the waters of Binh Dinh to Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan to Ca Mau and there is not much difference between the two seasons in the waters of Ca Mau to Kien Giang. The best time to exploit wind energy potential in the sea areas of Binh Dinh to Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan to Ca Mau is from November to February, with an average wind speed of over 8 m/s and energy density. common wind volume is over 500 W/m2 .
At altitudes of 150 and 200 m, the spatial distribution of wind energy density in coastal areas is similar to the 100 m level, high values tend to deviate more south. The density of wind energy at 150 m and 200 m levels is approximately 100 m in the waters of the North Bay of Tonkin, South of the Gulf of Tonkin, Quang Tri to Quang Ngai, Ca Mau to Kien Giang; and not much higher in the waters of Binh Dinh to Ninh Thuan (300-700 W/m2), Binh Thuan to Ca Mau (300-800 W/m2).
Potential for wave energy in Vietnamese seas
Results of the average wave energy calculation for many years show that the area has the potential of wave energy & gt; 2 kW/m covers the entire South China Sea, with the exception of the Gulf of Thailand; area with energy potential & gt; 10 kW/m extending from the North to the middle of the East Sea and extending to the coast of the South Central Coast; the area with high energy potential lies in the Luzon Strait. During the winter season, the northeast monsoon creates a quite strong wave energy area in the north and middle of the East Sea, especially in December with the maximum energy potential up to 70 kW/m..
The central coast of Vietnam from Da Nang to Ninh Thuan has the maximum wave energy of about 50-60 kW, with a frequency of “medium potential” reaching over 60% and a “high potential” threshold of up to 40%. Therefore, this will be the most favorable time to exploit wave energy of the year.
During the southwest monsoon season, because the wind speed is not as strong as the northeast monsoon and the affected area is also limited in the south of the East Sea, the potential for wave energy is basically not large. The maximum wave energy this season is only about 25 kW / m occurring in July and concentrated in the area off the southeastern East Sea..
The potential of wave energy in coastal areas of Vietnam through data extracted at 20 coastal points and oceanographic stations also shows that the region with the largest wave energy is concentrated in the Central region (from Da Nang to Ninh Thuan. ) and lower than the northern and southern coastal ranges. The two coastal areas of the Gulf of Tonkin and Gulf of Thailand have the lowest wave energy potential.
Conclusions and recommendations
Through the analysis results, it can be seen that many marine areas in Vietnam have high potential for wind and wave energy, which have not been exploited. The view and policy of the Party and State of Vietnam will be towards using renewable energy, replacing the currently depleted energy source. Hydrometeorology industry possesses modern hydro-meteorological forecasting technology and high computing capacity equal to other countries in the region, so it can make reliable long-term forecasts. In addition, in the coming time, hydrometeorological forecasts will gradually move towards predicting probability (impact potential) and forecasting impacts on a specific object or operator, so that Developing impact forecasting products for power plants in general and for renewable energy plants in particular will be a very practical direction, bringing benefits directly to society. Hydrometeorological data including forecasting and monitoring models will allow coordination with relevant agencies to build correction problems, thereby predicting results, assessing potential the amount of waves and winds more accurately and reliably. On the other hand, when the oceanic and meteorological numerical modeling technology is developed, the reconstruction of wind and wave potential maps at a higher level of detail is feasible, then it will allow for assess new exploitable areas with more suitable conditions, for example the stability of the energy obtained, the degree of impact of natural disaster conditions on the site of extraction.
However, the detailedization of wind and wave forecasts requires developments in computing power and suitable monitoring data to calibrate for reliable forecast products that meet the needs of factories exploiting renewable energy and electric regulating agencies for renewable energy plants. Meanwhile, the monitoring system of the Hydrometeorology Department often focuses on the wind regime close to the surface (10m level) and overhead (from a few km or more), so the wind observations in the Wind energy falls (50m, 100m, 200m, …) need additional additions including thematic observations (to assess potential) and continuous monitoring (for operation real time).
For the above reasons, in order to develop offshore renewable energy, the Report has proposed tasks to be implemented in the coming time including:
a. Organize additional investigation, survey and observation of natural conditions in sea areas:
– Investigating, surveying, building modern measuring stations, measuring equipment, monitoring wind factors, solar radiation (wind measuring tower, wind detecting ball, unmanned equipment …). Expected at island stations: To build wind gauges in Bach Long Vi, Co To, Con Co, Ly Son, Phu Quy, Con Dao, Tho Chu, Phu Quoc, Song Tu Tay, Truong Sa islands.
– Upgrading the current measuring methods and equipment at the oceanographic stations with automatic gauges will collect data continuously during the day with more measurement frequency and complete parameters of altitude, period and direction.
– Continue to maintain and install more marine radar stations along the coast of Vietnam to be able to measure wave and currents across the entire coastal strip.
– For offshore waters with no islands such as the South Central Coast, it is necessary to use air sensing balls, unmanned devices or floating buoy stations with vertical structure measuring devices (LIDAR).
b. Apply numerical modeling technology to simulate and evaluate detailed wind energy potential in space
– Calculate the potential from monitoring results, simulating wind energy, waves (from high-resolution hydrodynamic models, high-resolution oceanographs) combining calibration with observed data, satellites and data sources other for Vietnamese sea and islands with horizontal spatial detail from 2-3 km.
– Building a map of wind potential (at altitudes from 60-200 m) and wave potential for Vietnam’s seas. – Evaluate the ability to generate electricity by wind and wave energy for Vietnamese sea areas.
– Expand research and assessment of other renewable energy potentials in the sea such as tidal energy, currents,…
c. Real-time monitoring and forecasting of wind energy and waves, warning of natural disasters, forecasting impacts to serve the production of renewable energy.
– Development of tools to integrate model forecasting products, satellite monitoring, radar to set up products specializing in natural disaster warning and impact forecasting to serve the production of renewable energy.
– Develop real-time wind and wave energy forecasting products based on numerical modeling technology to serve the renewable energy production.
d. Research, assessment and detailed forecast of impacts of natural disasters and marine environment on the construction and exploitation capacity of offshore wind and wave power projects.
– Impacts of hydro-meteorological disasters, earthquakes on the construction and exploitation of wind and wave power projects in each area.
– Impacts of environment, geology and marine dynamics on the construction and operation of offshore wind and wave power projects in each area.
e. Studying, evaluating and forecasting impacts of offshore wind and wave power projects on the environment and socio-economic activities.
– Impacts of wind and wave power projects on the local environment.
– Impacts of wind and wave power works on socio-economic activities, maritime security and safety in the region.
The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment would like to introduce & nbsp; Report on the potential of offshore wind and wave energy in Vietnam’s waters for the first time to known agencies and organizations for research and service.
Detailed content of the Report here.
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